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NEW QUESTION # 15
In a FortiGate high availability (HA) cluster, what happens if the primary unit fails?

• A. The cluster switches to active-passive mode
• B. Traffic is rerouted through an external gateway
• C. The cluster is disabled, and traffic stops
• D. A secondary unit takes over as the primary unit

Answer: D

Explanation:
In a FortiGate HA cluster (active-active or active-passive), if the primary unit fails, a secondary unit automatically takes over as the primary, ensuring continuity of traffic with minimal disruption. Option A is incorrect as traffic continues, C is incorrect as the mode doesn't change post-failure, and D is unrelated. Exact extract: "In a FortiGate HA cluster, if the primary unit fails, a secondary unit is elected as the new primary, taking over all roles to maintain traffic flow and session continuity."

NEW QUESTION # 16
What tool would you use to verify a certificate?

• A. Hping
• B. Nessus
• C. Certtester
• D. OpenSSL

Answer: D

Explanation:
OpenSSL is a widely used command-line tool for verifying certificates, checking validity, chains, and details like subject, issuer, and expiration. It is supported in Fortinet troubleshooting and certificate management.
Nessus is for vulnerability scanning, Hping for packet crafting, Certtester is not standard. Exact extract:
Description. This article describes how to verify by OpenSSL if the format of the certificate is correct when getting an error message like ... How to verifying the Certificate by CA Certificate on openssl command. You can verify the certificate's validity by CA certificate. Example 1: ... Navigate to System -> Certificate -> Create/Import. Select Import Certificate -> Select Type Certificate. Upload server.pem. Upload ca.key.
Description, This article describes how to sign and generate certificates using OpenSSL in Windows OS that can be used for SSL VPN and IPSec VPN ... This section discusses the following tasks you can perform on the System > Certificate > Manage Certificates page.

NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the following protocols operates at Layer 4

• A. BGP
• B. IPSEC
• C. ARP
• D. OSPF

Answer: B

Explanation:
IPsec operates at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) in the OSI model, providing secure communication via protocols like ESP and AH, which work with TCP or UDP. BGP and OSPF are Layer 3 (Network Layer) routing protocols, and ARP operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer). Fortinet's FortiGate uses IPsec for VPNs at Layer
4. Exact extract: "IPsec operates at the Transport Layer (Layer 4) to secure communications, encapsulating TCP or UDP packets... BGP and OSPF function at the Network Layer, while ARP resolves IP to MAC addresses at the Data Link Layer."

NEW QUESTION # 18
Which FortiGate feature allows for dynamic routing protocol updates to be propagated through an IPsec VPN tunnel?

• A. Auto Discovery VPN (ADVPN)
• B. Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)
• C. Route-based VPN
• D. Dynamic Routing Gateway

Answer: A

Explanation:
Auto Discovery VPN (ADVPN) in FortiGate enables dynamic routing protocols (e.g., OSPF, BGP) to propagate updates through IPsec VPN tunnels by automatically creating shortcut paths between spokes. This simplifies configuration and enhances scalability in hub-and-spoke topologies. Route-based VPN (D) supports routing but not dynamic discovery, VRF (C) is for segmentation, and Dynamic Routing Gateway (B) is not a standard Fortinet feature. Exact extract: "ADVPN allows dynamic routing protocols to be used over IPsec VPN tunnels, enabling spokes to discover and communicate directly via shortcuts, improving efficiency in hub-and-spoke setups."

NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of these BGP paths will be the preferred one ?

• A. Prefer the path with the shortest AS Path
• B. Prefer the path with the lowest Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED)
• C. Prefer External path (learned via EBGP) over Internal path (IBGP)
• D. Prefer the path with the highest Local Preference value

Answer: D

Explanation:
BGP path selection follows a specific order of attributes to determine the best path. The process prefers the path with the highest local preference first, as it is one of the earliest steps in the decision process. Local preference is used within an AS to influence outbound traffic. Only if local preferences are equal does it move to the next criteria, such as shortest AS path. The AS path length is considered after local preference, MED after that, and eBGP over iBGP even later. Therefore, among the options, the highest local preference (D) is the most preferred criterion. The original document's answer B is incorrect based on standard BGP selection rules implemented in Fortinet. Exact extract: This article describes the BGP route selection process. Scope FortiGate. Solution Consider only routes with no AS loops and a valid next hop. BGP makes routing decisions based on path, network policies and rulesets ... select the route with the lowest router ID as the best path. Network. Type. To achieve this, multiple route selection techniques can be used. Some are protocol- agnostic (for example, weight) and others are protocol-specific (for example ...).

NEW QUESTION # 20
Which term refers to the OSPF router that connects area 0 to a nonbackbone area?

• A. autonomous system boundary router
• B. backbone router
• C. area border router
• D. area boundary router

Answer: C

Explanation:
The standard term in OSPF for a router connecting the backbone area (Area 0) to a non-backbone area is "area border router" (ABR). It maintains separate LSDBs for each area and performs summarization. "Area boundary router" is similar but not the standard term; ASBR connects to external AS; backbone router is in Area 0. Exact extract: Go to Network > OSPF. Set Router ID to 10.11.101.1. In the Areas table, click Create New and set the following: Area ID. 0.0. Click OK. In the Networks ... A router connected to more than one area is an area border router (ABR). An autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) is located between an OSPF autonomous ... This article describes the basic steps to configure FortiGates in an OSPF scenario where the FortiGates will be ABR and ASBR OSPF routers across 3 areas. OSPF areas are groupings of OSPF routers or logical parts of a network. An area's routing information can be sent as a summary to other areas. This article describes that routes learned from the other OSPF areas will be removed on the ABR router when it has multiple areas and has no backbone ...

NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the below technology(ies) could reduce CPU load and memory utilization used by an IPS engine?

• A. IPS does not compare traffic to each signature individually. Instead it compiles them into a decision tree
• B. All of the above
• C. Using multiple engines, aligned with load balancing technologies like Turbo that uses round robin algorithms to dispatch traffic up to specific IPS engine
• D. Using regular instead of extended database, to reduce memory footprint
• E. Using IPS sensors and IPS filter to determine which traffic should be examined for which signatures, instead of examine network traffic for all signatures

Answer: A,D,E

Explanation:
IPS efficiency is improved by: A) Compiling signatures into a decision tree to reduce comparison overhead; B) Using IPS sensors/filters to selectively apply signatures to relevant traffic, reducing unnecessary processing; D) Using a regular database instead of an extended one to lower memory usage. Option C's
"Turbo" and round-robin load balancing is not a standard Fortinet IPS feature. Option E is incorrect as C is not valid. Exact extract: "IPS efficiency is improved by compiling signatures into decision trees to minimize CPU usage... IPS sensors and filters allow selective signature application to reduce processing... Using the regular signature database instead of extended reduces memory footprint."

NEW QUESTION # 22
Which FortiGate feature allows for policy-based routing?

• A. Dynamic Routes
• B. Static Routes
• C. Policy Routes
• D. SD-WAN Rules

Answer: C

Explanation:
Policy Routes in FortiGate allow routing decisions based on criteria like source, destination, or service, overriding the default routing table. SD-WAN Rules (A) are for WAN optimization, Static Routes (C) are fixed, and Dynamic Routes (D) are protocol-based, not policy-based. Exact extract: "Policy Routes allow FortiGate to make routing decisions based on user-defined criteria, such as source/destination IPs or services, overriding standard routing."

NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following are request methods in HTTP?

• A. RETR
• B. HEAD
• C. GET
• D. LIST

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
HTTP defines standard request methods, including GET (retrieve a resource) and HEAD (retrieve headers only). LIST and RETR are not standard HTTP methods; RETR is used in FTP, and LIST is not a recognized method in either protocol. The original document incorrectly lists only A, omitting C. Exact extract: "HTTP supports several request methods, including GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc... GET retrieves a resource, while HEAD retrieves only the headers without the body content."

NEW QUESTION # 24
Link aggregation allows network devices to________

• A. Restrict the bandwidth
• B. Increase bandwidth by binding physical interfaces into a single channel
• C. None of the above
• D. Increase bandwidth of an interface

Answer: B

Explanation:
Link aggregation, also known as IEEE 802.3ad or 802.1ax, enables the binding of multiple physical interfaces to form a single logical interface, which increases the overall bandwidth and provides redundancy. This is achieved by combining the bandwidth of the individual links into one aggregated link. For example, if two
1Gbps interfaces are aggregated, the logical link can provide up to 2Gbps bandwidth. This configuration is commonly used in FortiGate devices to enhance network performance without replacing hardware. The option B correctly describes this by stating "Increase bandwidth by binding physical interfaces into a single channel," which aligns with the official description. Incorrect options include A, which is vague and does not specify the method of binding multiple interfaces; C, which is the opposite of the purpose; and D, which is invalid.
Exact extract: Link aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad/802.1ax) enables you to bind two or more physical interfaces together to form an aggregated (combined) link. This new link ... Link aggregation combines multiple physical interfaces into a single logical interface, increasing bandwidth and link redundancy. Traffic is distributed evenly.

NEW QUESTION # 25
In Active FTP who sends the PORT command?

• A. Both
• B. The FTP Client
• C. There is no PORT command in Active FTP
• D. The FTP Server

Answer: B

Explanation:
In Active FTP, the client sends the PORT command to the server, specifying an ephemeral port for the server to initiate the data connection back to the client. This distinguishes Active FTP from Passive FTP, where the server provides the port. The server does not send PORT, and the command is a key part of Active FTP. Exact extract: "In Active FTP, the client sends a PORT command to the server, specifying the IP address and port number for the data connection... The server then initiates the data connection to the client's specified port."

NEW QUESTION # 26
Which protocol does FortiGate use for secure management access by default?

• A. SSH
• B. SNMP
• C. Telnet
• D. HTTP

Answer: A

Explanation:
FortiGate uses SSH (Secure Shell) by default for secure management access, providing encrypted command- line access. Telnet (A) and HTTP (C) are insecure, and SNMP (D) is for monitoring, not management. Exact extract: "FortiGate enables SSH by default for secure management access, providing encrypted CLI access to administrators."

NEW QUESTION # 27
Which FortiGate feature allows inspection of encrypted SSL/TLS traffic?

• A. Deep Packet Inspection
• B. SSL Inspection
• C. Application Control
• D. Web Filtering

Answer: B

Explanation:
FortiGate's SSL Inspection feature decrypts and inspects SSL/TLS traffic to detect threats or enforce policies, using techniques like full SSL inspection or certificate inspection. Deep Packet Inspection (A) is a broader term, Application Control (C) identifies apps, and Web Filtering (D) blocks URLs, not specific to SSL. Exact extract: "SSL Inspection allows FortiGate to decrypt and inspect SSL/TLS traffic to detect hidden threats or enforce security policies, supporting full or certificate-based inspection."

NEW QUESTION # 28
Link aggregation allows network devices to________

• A. Restrict the bandwidth
• B. Increase bandwidth by binding physical interfaces into a single channel
• C. None of the above
• D. Increase bandwidth of an interface

Answer: B

Explanation:
Link aggregation, also known as IEEE 802.3ad or 802.1ax, enables the binding of multiple physical interfaces to form a single logical interface, which increases the overall bandwidth and provides redundancy. This is achieved by combining the bandwidth of the individual links into one aggregated link. For example, if two
1Gbps interfaces are aggregated, the logical link can provide up to 2Gbps bandwidth. This configuration is commonly used in FortiGate devices to enhance network performance without replacing hardware. The option B correctly describes this by stating "Increase bandwidth by binding physical interfaces into a single channel," which aligns with the official description. Incorrect options include A, which is vague and does not specify the method of binding multiple interfaces; C, which is the opposite of the purpose; and D, which is invalid.
Exact extract: Link aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad/802.1ax) enables you to bind two or more physical interfaces together to form an aggregated (combined) link. This new link ... Link aggregation combines multiple physical interfaces into a single logical interface, increasing bandwidth and link redundancy. Traffic is distributed evenly.

NEW QUESTION # 29
Which FortiGate command displays the current routing table?

• A. diagnose netlink route list
• B. show router status
• C. get system route
• D. get router info routing-table all

Answer: D

Explanation:
The 'get router info routing-table all' command displays the FortiGate's current routing table, including all active routes and their details. Options B, C, and D are not valid or specific for this purpose. Exact extract:
"Use 'get router info routing-table all' to display the complete routing table, showing destination, gateway, interface, and metric for all routes."

NEW QUESTION # 30
Which protocol is used by FortiGate to synchronize session tables in an HA cluster?

• A. BGP
• B. OSPF
• C. FGCP
• D. VRRP

Answer: C

Explanation:
The FortiGate Cluster Protocol (FGCP) is used to synchronize session tables, configuration, and state information between HA cluster members to ensure seamless failover. VRRP (B) is for router redundancy, OSPF (C) and BGP (D) are routing protocols, not used for HA synchronization. Exact extract: "FGCP synchronizes session tables, configurations, and state information between FortiGate HA cluster members to ensure continuity during failover."

NEW QUESTION # 31
Which Router in an OSPF Domain sends a Type-4 Summary LSA

• A. All OSPF Routers
• B. ABR
• C. ASBR
• D. Stub Routers only

Answer: B

Explanation:
In OSPF, the Area Border Router (ABR) generates Type-4 Summary LSAs to advertise the location of an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) to other areas. This LSA informs routers in different areas how to reach the ASBR for external routes. ASBR generates Type-5 LSAs for external routes, but ABR summarizes them with Type-4. Not all routers or stub routers do this. Exact extract: This article describes the basic steps to configure FortiGates in an OSPF scenario where the FortiGates will be ABR and ASBR OSPF routers across 3 areas. Router3 is the Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR). It routes all traffic to the ISP BGP router for internet access. It redistributes routes from BGP and ... Type 4 LSAs exist to let the area know the router-id of the ASBR, so the routers can look at the type 5 route, find advertising-router, and map
... An ASBR summary LSA is generated by an ABR and describes the location of an ASBR (Autonomous System Boundary Router) that connects to an external network. The FortiGate in the middle shall be a ABR between the two areas. But I don't want R2 in area 0.0.0.0 to have every /32 route for every VPN client. So I tried ...

NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following protocols would you expect a typical switch to support?

• A. OSPF
• B. VLAN
• C. STP
• D. SIP

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
Typical Layer 2 switches support STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) to prevent loops in redundant networks and VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) to segment traffic logically. OSPF is a Layer 3 routing protocol typically on routers, and SIP is for VoIP session initiation, not core switch functions. FortiSwitch supports STP variants like MSTP and VLAN tagging. Exact extract: MSTP supports multiple spanning tree instances, where each instance carries traffic for one or more VLANs (the mapping of VLANs to instances is configurable). These protocols include the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), and Per-VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ( ... FortiSwitch supports Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), and Per-VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP).
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a link-management protocol to enable a layer 2 loop-free topology. STP enables a network to have redundant paths for fault ... Go to WiFi & Switch Controller > FortiSwitch Ports.
Click a port row. Click the Native VLAN column in one of the selected entries to change the native VLAN.

NEW QUESTION # 33
Firewall is performing stateful inspection for TCP traffic between Client 10.0.0.21 and Server 172.16.1.200.

• A. Traffic should be allowed
• B. Traffic is Asymmetric and not allowed by the Firewall
• C. Three way handshake was not completed
• D. The ACK was not supposed to be sent to client 10.0.0.21

Answer: C

Explanation:
Stateful inspection requires a complete TCP three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) to establish a session in the firewall's state table. If the handshake is incomplete (e.g., missing ACK), the session is not established, and traffic is dropped. The question implies a stateful firewall scenario where traffic is blocked, likely due to an incomplete handshake. Asymmetric traffic (B) or incorrect ACK (A) are not indicated without further context, and C is incorrect if the handshake fails. Exact extract: "Stateful inspection ensures that a TCP three-way handshake is completed before allowing traffic... If the handshake is not completed, FortiGate drops the packets as invalid."

NEW QUESTION # 34
Which FortiGate feature supports load balancing across multiple WAN links?

• A. SD-WAN
• B. Link Aggregation
• C. Multi-Path Routing
• D. Virtual Routing

Answer: A

Explanation:
FortiGate's SD-WAN feature enables load balancing and intelligent traffic steering across multiple WAN links based on criteria like bandwidth, latency, or application. Link Aggregation (B) bonds interfaces, Virtual Routing (C) is VRF, and Multi-Path Routing (D) is not a standard term. Exact extract: "SD-WAN enables load balancing and traffic steering across multiple WAN links, optimizing performance and reliability based on configured rules and metrics."

NEW QUESTION # 35
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